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The evaluation type that examines both immediate and long-term effects is outcome evaluation. This type of evaluation is designed to assess the overall effects of a program or intervention on the target population's health outcomes over time. Outcome evaluations focus on the changes that result from the intervention, measuring immediate results such as knowledge gained or behavior change and the longer-term impact on health status, quality of life, and overall well-being.

In contrast, impact evaluation specifically looks at the broader effects of a program, typically assessing changes in behavior and social conditions that occur as a result of the program. While it may consider longer-term outcomes, the primary focus is often on how well the program aligned with its intended goals and objectives. Process evaluation, on the other hand, focuses on the implementation of the program, including how well the program was delivered and the fidelity to the established protocols. Finally, formative evaluation is typically conducted during the development or early implementation phases of a program, aiming to improve it rather than assess its effects. Together, these evaluations serve different purposes, but outcome evaluation is specifically concerned with measuring both immediate effects and longer-term changes, making it the most relevant choice for the question posed.